What type of encryption is characterized by the same key being used for both encryption and decryption?

Symmetric encryption is characterized by the use of a single key for both encryption and decryption processes. This means that the same secret key is employed to transform plaintext into ciphertext and vice versa. The primary advantage of symmetric encryption lies in its speed and efficiency, making it suitable for encrypting large amounts of data quickly.

In contrast, asymmetric encryption involves a pair of keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. This key pair system is fundamental in scenarios like secure communications over the internet, but it generally operates slower than symmetric methods.

Public-key encryption is synonymous with asymmetric encryption and shares the same characteristics, emphasizing the use of a key pair rather than a single key.

Hybrid encryption combines both symmetric and asymmetric encryption techniques. Typically, a symmetric key is used for encrypting data, while asymmetric encryption helps securely exchange that symmetric key. This enhances security while maintaining speed, but does not modify the fundamental principle of symmetric encryption using a single key for both encryption and decryption.

In summary, symmetric encryption is the only method that relies on a single key for both the encryption and decryption processes, exemplifying its streamlined approach to data security.